Robb gives greater weight to the Gyptis story, though he notes that the tradition was to offer water, not wine, to signal the choice of a marriage partner. Later, the natives would treacherously lay a plot to destroy the new colony, but the scheme was divulged and Conran, king of the natives, was killed in the ensuing battle. Following their marriage, they moved to the hill just to the north of the Lacydon and from this settlement grew Massalia.
At the end of the banquet, Gyptis presented the ceremonial cup of wine to Protis, indicating her unequivocal choice. Protis was invited inland to a banquet held by the chief of the local Ligurian tribe, Nann, for suitors seeking the hand of his daughter Gyptis (in Aristotle, Petta) in marriage. According to the legend, Protis (in Aristotle, Euxenes), a native of Phocae, while exploring for a new trading outpost or emporion to make his fortune, discovered the Mediterranean cove of the Lacydon, fed by a freshwater stream and protected by two rocky promontories. The founding of Massalia has also been recorded as a legend. The connection between Massalia and the Phoceans is mentioned in Thucydides's Peloponnesian War he notes that the Phocaean project was opposed by the Carthaginians, whose fleet was defeated. It was established within modern Marseille around 600 BC by colonists coming from Phocaea (now Foça, in modern Turkey) on the Aegean coast of Asia Minor. Massalia, whose name was probably adapted from an existing language related to Ligurian, was the first Greek settlement in France.
Main articles: Massalia and Founding myth of Marseille Humans have inhabited Marseille and its environs for almost 30,000 years: palaeolithic cave paintings in the underwater Cosquer Cave near the calanque of Morgiou date back to between 27,000 and 19,000 BC and recent excavations near the railway station have unearthed neolithic brick habitations from around 6000 BC. Prehistory Prehistoric outline of human hand, Cosquer Cave The city has since become a major center for immigrant communities from former French colonies, such as French Algeria.
The Industrial Revolution and establishment of the French Empire during the 19th century allowed for further expansion of the city, although it was captured and heavily damaged by Nazi Germany during World War II. In 1792 the city became a focal point of the French Revolution and was the birthplace of France's national anthem, La Marseillaise. Marseille lost a significant portion of its population during the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720, but the population recovered by mid century. During the 16th century the city hosted a naval fleet with the combined forces of the Franco-Ottoman alliance, which threatened the ports and navies of Genoa and the Holy Roman Empire. The city's fortunes rebounded with the ambitious building projects of René of Anjou, Count of Provence, who strengthened the city's fortifications during the mid-15th century.
It became part of the County of Provence during the 10th century, although its renewed prosperity was curtailed by the Black Death of the 14th century and sack of the city by the Crown of Aragon in 1423. The city maintained its position as a premier maritime trading hub even after its capture by the Visigoths in the 5th century AD, although the city went into decline following the sack of 739 AD by the forces of Charles Martel. Marseille continued to prosper as a Roman city, becoming an early center of Christianity during the Western Roman Empire. However, the city lost its independence following the Roman Siege of Massilia in 49 BC, during Caesar's Civil War, in which Massalia sided with the exiled faction at war with Julius Caesar. The city-state allied with the Roman Republic against Carthage during the Second Punic War (218-201 BC), retaining its independence and commercial empire throughout the western Mediterranean even as Rome expanded into Western Europe and North Africa. It became the preeminent Greek polis in the Hellenized region of southern Gaul. Marseille, France was originally founded circa 600 BC as the Greek colony of Massalia ( Latin: Massilia) and populated by Greeks from Phocaea (modern Foça, Turkey). Earth View is a collection of the most beautiful and striking landscapes found in Google Earth.A silver drachma inscribed with MASSA ( ΜΑΣΣΑ), dated 375-200 BC, during the Hellenistic period of Marseille, bearing the head of the Greek goddess Artemis on the obverse and a lion on the reverse
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